⚠️ Instructions: Answer total SEVEN questions. Questions no. 7 & 8 are compulsory. Illustrate with diagrams wherever necessary.
Topics — click any card to explore questions
Colorimetry & Lab Instruments
4×
Q1
What do you mean by optical density? Write down the principle of colorimeter. State the difference between colorimeter and spectrophotometer.
Q2
Write down the principles of colorimetry. Name the parts of colorimeter.
Q3
State the Beer's law and Lambert's law. What are the parts of colorimeter? Mention the reference values in SI units: Serum bilirubin, Serum total cholesterol, Serum creatinine, Prothrombin time.
Q4
A patient visits the biochemistry lab for a fasting serum blood glucose test. Absorbance of standard = 0.1, sample = 0.12, standard glucose = 5.5 mmol/L. Calculate patient's serum glucose concentration and comment. What further steps do you recommend?
Lipid Profile & Cardiac Markers
4×
Q1
List the components of lipid profile with their normal value. Why HDL-C is beneficial and LDL-C is bad for us?
Q2
Write the components of lipid profile with their normal value. List the cardiac markers associated with acute myocardial infarction.
Q3
Mention the components of lipid profile with normal value. Write down preparation & clinical importance of lipid profile.
Q4
What do you mean by functional and non-functional plasma enzymes? List the importance of different cardiac markers in relation to diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Thyroid Function Tests
4×
Q1
What are the thyroid function tests? Enumerate the investigations would you suggest for a patient of suspected hyperthyroidism with its interpretation.
Q2
What are the thyroid function tests? Enumerate the investigations you would suggest for a patient suspected of hypothyroidism, along with their interpretation.
Q3
Enumerate the thyroid hormones. Mention the thyroid function test. Give the laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism.
Q4 (PBQ)
A 45 years female with heat intolerance, facial flushing, weight loss, diarrhea & amenorrhea. HR 110/min, BP 160/90, finger clubbing & enlarged thyroid. (a) Provisional diagnosis? (b) Lab tests to diagnose? (c) Best indicator lab test & why?
Liver Function & Jaundice
4×
Q1
What are the liver function tests? Mention the types of jaundice & how can you differentiate them?
Q2
Write down the indication of liver function tests. Name important liver function tests with their interpretation.
Q3
Define & classify jaundice. Give the biochemical findings of different types of jaundice in a tabulated form. How bilirubin is metabolized in our body?
Q4 (PBQ)
A 45 year male with right-sided upper abdominal pain, yellowish sclera. Serum bilirubin 15 mg/dl, ALT 35 U/l, ALP 250 U/l. (a) Underlying disorder? (b) Cardinal features & probable causes?
Diabetes Mellitus & Endocrinology
3×
Q1
Define & classify diabetes mellitus. How would you approach to diagnose a case of diabetes mellitus? Discuss the metabolic effects of diabetes mellitus.
Q2
Name the diabetogenic hormones. Write down the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis with its consequences.
Q3
Write short note on: a) OGTT b) SI unit
Renal Function & Proteins
3×
Q1
Enumerate renal function test with interpretation.
Q2
Enumerate the causes of proteinuria. What are the consequences of hypoalbuminemia? Mention the bed side test to assess proteinuria.
Q3
State the causes of proteinuria. What are the consequences of hypoalbuminemia? What are the components of bed side test?
Quality Control & Lab Safety
4×
Q1
Define quality control. What are the key components of quality control? Give example.
Q2
Write short note on: a) Quality control b) Cushing syndrome.
Q3
Define laboratory hazards. Mention the laboratory hazards & its precautions in clinical laboratory.
Q4
Mention the laboratory hazards & its precautions in clinical laboratory.
Calcium Metabolism & Edema
2×
Q1
State the different forms of calcium present in the human body. How is calcium metabolized? What are the effects of calcium deficiency? Why does hypocalcemia occur in alkalosis?
Q2
Define and Classify edema. Mention the causes and consequences of edema.
ℹ️ All sessions follow the same format: Full Marks 40 · Time 1 hour 20 min. Answer SEVEN questions — Q7 & Q8 are always compulsory.
KYA-20
MBBS KYA-20 · Session 2023–2024
▾
1
Write down the principles of colorimetry. Name the parts of colorimeter. List the coagulation disorders with example.
2
What are the liver function tests? Mention the types of jaundice & how can you differentiate them?
3
Write the components of lipid profile with their normal value. List the cardiac markers associated with acute myocardial infarction.
4
What are the thyroid function tests? Enumerate the investigations you would suggest for a patient suspected of hypothyroidism, along with their interpretation.
5
Define and Classify edema. Mention the causes and consequences of edema.
6
Define quality control. What are the key components of quality control? Give example.
7 ⭐
Compulsory (PBQ): A patient visits the biochemistry lab for a fasting serum blood glucose test. Absorbance of standard = 0.1, sample's absorbance = 0.12, standard glucose = 5.5 mmol/L.
a. Calculate the patient's serum glucose concentration and make comment.
b. What further steps do you recommend, and what are the indications for taking them?
8 ⭐
Compulsory (SEQ): State the different forms of calcium present in the human body. How is calcium metabolized? What are the effects of calcium deficiency? Why does hypocalcemia occur in alkalosis?
KYA-19
MBBS KYA-19 · Session 2022–2023
▾
1
What do you mean by optical density? Write down the principle of colorimeter. State the difference between colorimeter and spectrophotometer.
2
List the components of lipid profile with their normal value. Why HDL-C is beneficial and LDL-C is bad for us?
3
What are the thyroid function tests? Enumerate the investigations would you suggest for a patient of suspected hyperthyroidism with its interpretation.
4
What do you mean by functional and non-functional plasma enzymes? List the importance of different cardiac markers in relation to diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
5
Enumerate renal function test with interpretation.
6
Write short note on: a) Quality control b) Cushing syndrome.
7 ⭐
Compulsory (PBQ): A 45 year male with right-sided upper abdominal pain and yellowish sclera. On lab investigation: serum bilirubin 15 mg/dl, serum ALT 35 U/l, ALP 250 U/l.
a. What is the underlying disorder?
b. Mention the cardinal features and probable causes of this condition.
8 ⭐
Compulsory (SEQ): Define & classify diabetes mellitus. How would you approach to diagnose a case of diabetes mellitus? Discuss the metabolic effects of diabetes mellitus.
KYA-18
MBBS KYA-18 · Session 2021–2022
▾
1
Define laboratory hazards. Mention the laboratory hazards & its precautions in clinical laboratory.
2
Mention the components of lipid profile with normal value. Write down preparation & clinical importance of lipid profile.
3
Name the diabetogenic hormones. Write down the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis with its consequences.
4
Name five nonfunctional plasma enzymes with their reference value & clinical importance.
5
Enumerate the causes of proteinuria. What are the consequences of hypoalbuminemia? Mention the bed side test to assess proteinuria.
6
Write short note on: a) SI unit b) OGTT
7 ⭐
Compulsory (PBQ): A 45 years female with complaints of heat intolerance, facial flushing, weight loss, occasional diarrhea & history of amenorrhea. HR 110 beats/min, BP 160/90 mmHg, finger clubbing & enlarged thyroid gland.
a. What is your provisional diagnosis?
b. List the laboratory test to diagnose the disease & give their relation with this condition.
c. Which laboratory test is the best indicator & why?
8 ⭐
Compulsory (SEQ): Define & classify jaundice. Give the biochemical findings of different types of jaundice in a tabulated form. How bilirubin is metabolized in our body?
KYA-17
MBBS KYA-17 · Session 2020–2021
▾
1
Mention the laboratory hazards & its precautions in clinical laboratory.
2
Write down the indication of liver function tests. Name important liver function tests with their interpretation.
3
Name five nonfunctional plasma enzymes with their reference value & clinical importance.
4
Define and classify jaundice. Tabulate the biochemical differences among different types of jaundice.
5
Name the diabetogenic hormones. Write down the biochemical basis of diabetic ketoacidosis.
6
State the Beer's law and Lambert's law. What are the parts of colorimeter? Mention the reference value in SI Units: i. Serum bilirubin ii. Serum creatinine iii. Serum total cholesterol iv. Prothrombin time.
7
Enumerate the thyroid hormones. Mention the thyroid function test. Give the laboratory diagnosis of hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism.
8
State the causes of proteinuria. What are the consequences of hypoalbuminemia? What are the components of bed side test?
📊 Topics ranked by how many times they have appeared across KYA-17 to KYA-20. High-frequency topics are most likely to repeat — prioritize these for revision.
🔥 High Frequency Topics (3–4 sessions)
Lipid Profile — components, normal values, importance, HDL vs LDL
4 / 4
Colorimetry / Colorimeter — principle, parts, Beer-Lambert law, optical density
4 / 4
Thyroid Function Tests — T3, T4, TSH; hypo/hyperthyroidism investigations
4 / 4
Jaundice & Liver Function — types, biochemical differences, bilirubin metabolism
4 / 4
Quality Control / Lab Hazards — QC components, lab safety precautions
4 / 4
Diabetes Mellitus — classification, diagnosis, metabolic effects, ketoacidosis
3 / 4
Proteinuria & Renal Function — causes, hypoalbuminemia consequences, bedside test
3 / 4
📌 Moderate Frequency Topics (1–2 sessions)
Nonfunctional Plasma Enzymes — 5 enzymes, reference values, clinical importance
2 / 4
Calcium Metabolism — forms in body, metabolism, deficiency, hypocalcemia in alkalosis
1 / 4
Edema — definition, classification, causes and consequences
1 / 4
Cushing Syndrome — features, causes, lab findings
1 / 4
Coagulation Disorders — listing with examples
1 / 4
✅ High-Priority Revision Checklist:
☑ Lipid profile components & normal values · ☑ Beer-Lambert law & colorimeter parts · ☑ TFT — hypo vs hyperthyroid · ☑ Jaundice types tabulated & bilirubin metabolism · ☑ DM classification, OGTT, metabolic effects · ☑ Proteinuria causes & hypoalbuminemia · ☑ Lab hazards & QC components
☑ Lipid profile components & normal values · ☑ Beer-Lambert law & colorimeter parts · ☑ TFT — hypo vs hyperthyroid · ☑ Jaundice types tabulated & bilirubin metabolism · ☑ DM classification, OGTT, metabolic effects · ☑ Proteinuria causes & hypoalbuminemia · ☑ Lab hazards & QC components
⭐ Questions 7 & 8 are always compulsory. Q7 is typically a Problem-Based Question (PBQ), Q8 is a Structured Essay Question (SEQ). These carry the highest marks and must be answered.
Q7 — Problem Based Questions (PBQ)
KYA-20 · 2023–2024
A patient visits the biochemistry lab for a fasting serum blood glucose test. Absorbance of standard = 0.1, sample's absorbance = 0.12, standard glucose concentration = 5.5 mmol/L.
a. Calculate the patient's serum glucose concentration and make comment.
b. What further steps do you recommend, and what are the indications for taking them?
KYA-19 · 2022–2023
A 45 year male presented with right-sided upper abdominal pain and yellowish sclera. On lab investigation: serum bilirubin 15 mg/dl, serum ALT 35 U/l, ALP 250 U/l.
a. What is the underlying disorder?
b. Mention the cardinal features and probable causes of this condition.
KYA-18 · 2021–2022
A 45 years female with complaints of heat intolerance, facial flushing, weight loss, occasional diarrhea & history of amenorrhea. On examination: HR 110 beats/min, BP 160/90 mmHg, finger clubbing & enlarged thyroid gland.
a. What is your provisional diagnosis?
b. List the laboratory test to diagnose the disease & give their relation with this condition.
c. Which laboratory test is the best indicator & why?
1+2+2
Q8 — Structured Essay Questions (SEQ)
KYA-20 · 2023–2024 · 2+3+ marks
State the different forms of calcium present in the human body. How is calcium metabolized? What are the effects of calcium deficiency? Why does hypocalcemia occur in alkalosis?
KYA-19 · 2022–2023 · 3+3+4 marks
Define & classify diabetes mellitus. How would you approach to diagnose a case of diabetes mellitus? Discuss the metabolic effects of diabetes mellitus.
KYA-18 · 2021–2022 · 2+4+4 marks
Define & classify jaundice. Give the biochemical findings of different types of jaundice in a tabulated form. How bilirubin is metabolized in our body?